It's not strictly correct to say that a planet orbits
its parent star.
Given that each exerts a gravitational pull on the other,
how could we expect the star to remain absolutely fixed
while the planet orbits around it?
In fact
both orbit; and they orbit around a common point
called the
Center of Mass (CM)
Wikipedia defines the Center of Mass (CM) as,
a specific point at which, for many purposes, thesystem's mass behaves as if it were concentratedPhysicists have used the concept of "balance" to define CM,
The center of mass is familiar to anyone who hasever played on a see-saw. The fulcrum point atwhich the see-saw will exactly balance two peoplesitting on either end is the center of mass for thetwo persons sitting on the see-saw.The figure below depicts a two-body system;
X marks its center of mass.
image creditIf
X were the fulcrum of a see-saw, the two bodies
would balance.
For a two body system, the center of mass can be
determined through these equations: where
m denotes
mass;
d,
distance; and
R, the total separation between
the two bodies.
image creditWhen the a planet and star orbit their center of mass,
CM will almost certainly be located
within the star itself,
but
not at its center, as shown in the video below.